Existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.

“Truth and justice are abstract concepts that can be hard to define.”

Relating to art that does not attempt to represent external reality, but seeks to achieve its effect using shapes, forms, colors, and textures.

“The museum has a huge collection of abstract paintings from the 1950s.”

A brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject.

“I read the abstract to see if the full paper was worth reading for my project.”